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LOI: Letter of Intent

Also known as: LOI

What is LOI: Letter of Intent?

A Letter of Intent is a short document in which two parties formally state their intention to enter a partnership, signalling seriousness before the binding contracts are negotiated. It outlines the broad shape of the intended deal without committing to final terms.

Key takeaways
  • An LOI formally signals both parties intend to enter a partnership before binding contracts
  • It justifies investing time and legal cost in due diligence
  • Mostly non-binding, except confidentiality and exclusivity provisions
  • Time-box any exclusivity so you are not frozen out of other deals
  • It signals seriousness; it does not guarantee a deal will close

How it works

A Letter of Intent is used for high-value institutional or white-label deals where both sides must spend real time and money on due diligence before committing. It outlines the broad shape of the intended partnership, who the parties are and what they mean to build, without locking final commercial terms.

Its function is confidence, not commitment. By signing, each party demonstrates genuine intent, which justifies the broker opening its books and the partner devoting legal and analyst resource. Most of the document is explicitly non-binding, but confidentiality and exclusivity clauses are usually carved out as binding so sensitive data can be shared safely and neither side keeps shopping the deal. Keeping exclusivity time-boxed matters, because an open-ended clause can freeze the partner out of alternatives while negotiations drag.

  1. Signal serious intent

    Both parties decide the potential deal warrants formalising interest.

  2. Draft the LOI

    Outline the parties and the broad intended deal without final terms.

  3. Carve out binding clauses

    Mark confidentiality and a time-boxed exclusivity as binding.

  4. Sign and open due diligence

    Execute the LOI so the broker can share books for review.

  5. Proceed to the MSA

    If diligence passes, negotiate and sign the binding contract.

Why it matters for partnership: For high-value institutional or white-label deals, an LOI lets both sides justify investing time and legal cost in due diligence, confident the other party is genuinely committed rather than just shopping around.

Real World Example

A large payment-focused affiliate and a broker sign an LOI to explore an exclusive regional partnership. On that basis, the broker opens its books for due diligence before the parties draft the full MSA.

LOI vs Term Sheet
Aspect Letter of Intent Term Sheet
Focus Intent to proceed The specific commercial terms
Detail Broad shape of the deal Itemised tiers and clauses
Binding Confidentiality and exclusivity only Non-binding except named clauses

Pro Tip

Keep exclusivity in the LOI time-boxed. An open-ended exclusivity clause can freeze you out of other deals while negotiations drag on.

Common Pitfalls

Believing an LOI guarantees a deal. Most LOIs are explicitly non-binding except for confidentiality and exclusivity clauses.

FAQ

Is an LOI legally enforceable?

Generally only its confidentiality and exclusivity provisions are; the commercial intent itself is usually non-binding.

Sources & further reading